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Glastonbury Abbey was a monastery in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Its ruins, a grade I listed building and scheduled ancient monument, are open as a visitor attraction. The abbey was founded in the 7th century and enlarged in the 10th, before a major fire in 1184 destroyed the buildings. It was rebuilt and by the 14th century was one of the richest and most powerful monasteries in England. The abbey controlled large tracts of surrounding land and was instrumental in major drainage projects on the Somerset Levels. The abbey was suppressed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII of England. The last abbot, Richard Whiting (Whyting), was hanged, drawn and quartered as a traitor on Glastonbury Tor in 1539. From at least the 12th century the Glastonbury area has been associated with the legend of King Arthur, a connection promoted by medieval monks who asserted that Glastonbury was Avalon. Christian legends have also claimed that the abbey was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century. ==History== Suggestions that Glastonbury may have been a site of religious importance in Celtic or pre-Celtic times are referred to as dubious by the historian Ronald Hutton,〔Hutton, 1991, p.107〕 however archaeological work by the University of Reading demonstrated Roman and Saxon occupation of the site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/research/Projects/arch-RG-Glastonbury.aspx )〕 In 1955 Ralegh Radford's excavations uncovered Romano-British pottery at the west end of the cloister.〔Gilchrist and Green p.384〕 The abbey itself was founded by Britons, and it dates at least to the early 7th century. A dark age occupation of the site has been shown by pieces ceramic wine jars which were imported from the Mediterranean.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.glastonburyabbey.com/news_item.php?sid=cdd7c10677c7779e78287fc8444df8b5&id=1000659 )〕 Later medieval Christian legend claimed that the abbey was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century. This fanciful legend is intimately tied to Robert de Boron's version of the Holy Grail story and to Glastonbury's connection to King Arthur, which dates at least to the early 12th century.〔Ashe pp.83–90 and p.279〕 Glastonbury fell into Saxon hands after the Battle of Peonnum in 658. The Saxons under Cenwalh of Wessex conquered Somerset as far west as the River Parrett, perhaps with the intention of gaining control of the valuable abbey. However, Cenwalh allowed the British abbot, Bregored, to stay in power, a move perhaps intended as a show of good faith to the defeated Britons.〔Ashe, p.279〕 After Bregored's death in 669, he was replaced by the Anglo-Saxon Berhtwald, but British monks remained for many years.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glastonbury Abbey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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